Both the Government of British Columbia and the Government of Canada extensively utilize remote sensing. Remote sensing can be used to sense changes in ground cover, locate the presence of surficial minerals and identify the location of different types of vegetation. Through the use of remote sensing, applying specific calculations to images can help spatial information analyst identify and classify features on a landscape such as changes in snowmelt and identifying the location of seasponges without physically setting foot in that region. These signals are then transmitted to receiving stations on Earth where they can be transformed and distributed as digital images to be analyzed. Satellites vary in spatial and spectral resolution. Remote sensing is the use of satellites orbiting the Earth to capture information of the surface and atmosphere. Surveyors calculate the precise position of points, distances and angles through geometry. Data collected by surveyors are then used to create highly precise maps. Surveying is the science of accurate measurement of natural and humanmade features on the Earth. (Read more in Longley, Goodchild, Maguire, & Rhind, 2005). Geographic information systems (GIS) are systems for input, storage, manipulation, summarizing, editing, querying and visualizing geographic information.
In this section, a range of tools associated with the collection and distribution of spatial data are presented as well as recommendations for further reading. Geographic information science (GIScience) is the study of organizations and tools associated with the process of collecting and disseminating geographic information. GIScience research includes topics that relate to cartography, remote sensing, photogrammetry, web mapping and spatial data organization. Digital data management of spatial information is also associated with GIScience.Īs we have seen throughout this book, there are a wide range of ways in which GIScience can help solve real-world problems. Geographic information is the collection of information about places and events that occur on the Earth’s surface. Tools for Spatial Data Collection and Utilization Geographic Information
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